Effect of pomegranate peel polyphenols on mTOR/HIF-1α/IL-17 signaling pathway in a rat auriclular model of acne / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate peel polyphenols on a rat auriclular model of acne and its mechanism of action.Methods:Totally, 36 specific-pathogen-free SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: blank group, model group, low-, medium- and high-dose pomegranate peel polyphenol groups and positive control group. In all groups except the blank group, 0.5 ml of 100% oleic acid was applied to the openings of bilateral auricular ducts once a day for 3 consecutive weeks, followed by subcutaneous injections of 50 μl of Propionibacterium acnes suspension at the oleic acid-applied sites once a day for 3 consecutive days, so as to establish a rat auriclular model of acne. After the model was confirmed to be successfully established by naked eyes, the low-, medium-, high-dose pomegranate peel polyphenol groups were topically treated with 0.5 mg of 1.4%, 2.8%, 5.6% (mass fraction) pomegranate peel polyphenol ointment respectively, the positive control group was topically treated with 0.5 mg of clindamycin hydrochloride gel, and the blank group and model group were topically treated with the same amount of distilled water. All the topical treatments were performed twice a day for 2 consecutive weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last topical treatment, abdominal aortic blood samples were collected, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect the serum level of interleukin 17 (IL-17) in rats; rat auricular tissues were resected, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe histopathological changes of the skin tissues in each group, and immunohistochemical study to determine the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) , hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) , and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) in local tissues. Data meeting the assumptions of homogeneity of variances were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance, and those that did not meet the assumptions of homogeneity of variances were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis H test; multiple comparisons were performed by using least significant difference- t test. Results:Compared with the model group, the pomegranate peel polyphenol groups and positive control group showed marked improvement in cysts, desquamation, crusts and epidermal keratinization, and reduced infiltration with inflammatory factors in the dermis at the modeling site. The serum level of IL-17 was significantly lower in the low-, medium- and high-dose pomegranate peel polyphenol groups (61.03 ± 5.99 ng/L, 55.35 ± 2.24 ng/L, 54.35 ± 4.29 ng/L, respectively) , positive control group (48.11 ± 4.07 ng/L) and blank group (42.10 ± 5.62 ng/L) than in the model group (70.24 ± 3.30 ng/L; t = 3.12, 5.34, 5.70, 8.29, 10.54, respectively, all P<0.05) . Immunohistochemical study revealed that the HIF-1α expression level was significantly lower in the low-, medium- and high-dose pomegranate peel polyphenol groups (0.29 ± 0.05, 0.29 ± 0.03, 0.33 ± 0.02, respectively) and positive control group (0.30 ± 0.01) than in the model group (0.41 ± 0.04; t = 4.89, 5.50, 3.62, 5.21, respectively, all P<0.05) ; the RORγt expression level was significantly lower in the low- and high-dose pomegranate peel polyphenol groups (0.28 ± 0.02, 0.31 ± 0.04, respectively) than in the model group (0.35 ± 0.02, t = 3.68, 2.18, respectively, both P<0.05) ; there was no significant difference in the mTOR expression level among these groups ( P = 0.119) . Conclusion:Pomegranate peel polyphenols could improve inflammatory reactions in the rat auriclular model of acne, which may be related to the down-regulation of HIF-1α/RORγt signaling pathway.

Effect of milk on sebaceous gland spots and the IGF-1/SREBP-1/ACC-1 signaling pathway in golden hamsters / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of milk on sebum secretion in golden hamsters, and to explore its possible mechanism of action.Methods:Eighteen golden hamsters were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups: blank control group receiving no intervention, whole-milk group gavaged with whole milk, and skimmed-milk group gavaged with skimmed milk. The gavage feeding was performed at a dose of 2.5 ml twice a day for 4 consecutive weeks. The maximum transverse diameter and maximum longitudinal diameter of bilateral sebaceous gland spots were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the start of intervention, and the area of sebaceous gland spots was calculated; at 24 hours after the last gavage, bilateral sebaceous gland spot tissues were resected, and subjected to immunohistochemical study to determine the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) /sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) /acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC-1) signaling pathway in sebaceous gland spots. Statistical analysis was carried out by using repeated measures analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance for independent groups, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and least significant difference- t test for multiple comparisons. Results:Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in the area of sebaceous gland spots of golden hamsters among the 3 groups ( F= 0.96, P= 0.417) . The IGF-1 expression was significantly higher in the skimmed-milk group (0.39 ± 0.03) than in the blank control group (0.35 ± 0.03, t= 2.62, P= 0.021) and whole-milk group (0.33 ± 0.02, t= 3.82, P= 0.002) ; compared with the blank control group (0.36 ± 0.02) , the skimmed-milk group showed significantly increased SREBP-1 expression (0.42 ± 0.04, t= 2.64, P= 0.021) ; the ACC-1 expression was significantly higher in the skimmed-milk group (0.40 ± 0.03) and whole-milk group (0.40 ± 0.05) than in the blank control group (0.34 ± 0.03; t= 2.39, 2.47, P= 0.031, 0.026, respectively) . Conclusion:Milk may promote sebum secretion in golden hamsters through the IGF-1/SREBP-1/ACC-1 signaling pathway.

Effect of pomegranate peel polyphenols on sebaceous gland spots and AKT/Sox9 signaling pathway in golden hamsters / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of pomegranate peel polyphenols on sebum secretion in golden hamsters, and to explore its possible mechanisms.Methods:Thirty golden hamsters were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups: (ointment) vehicle group, 0.48%-, 0.96%-, 1.92%-pomegranate peel polyphenol ointment groups, and retinoic acid cream group. Corresponding cream or ointments were applied to bilateral sebaceous gland spots of the golden hamsters at a dose of 1 gram twice a day for 4 consecutive weeks. The area of bilateral sebaceous gland spots was measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the start of treatment, which was calculated by the maximum longitudinal diameter multiplied by the maximum transverse diameter. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, immunohistochemical study was conducted to determine the expression of AKT/Sox9 signaling pathway in sebaceous gland spots resected from the golden hamsters. The area of sebaceous gland spots in these groups at different time points was compared by repeated measures analysis of variance, and other data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results:The area of sebaceous gland spots was significantly smaller in the 0.96%-, 1.92%-pomegranate peel polyphenol ointment groups (50.48±2.41 mm 2, 48.24±2.56 mm 2, respectively) and retinoic acid cream group (48.31±2.76 mm 2) than in the vehicle group (57.99±3.29 mm 2; t=2.69, 3.98, 3.65, P=0.012, 0.001, 0.001, respectively) . Sox9 expression was significantly lower in the 1.92%-pomegranate peel polyphenol ointment group (0.39±0.04) and retinoic acid cream group (0.38±0.03) than in the vehicle group (0.44±0.02, P=0.040) . However, there was no significant difference in AKT expression among the 5 groups ( F=1.645, P=0.199) . Conclusion:Pomegranate peel polyphenols can reduce the sebaceous gland spot area and inhibit sebum secretion in golden hamsters, which may be related to the inhibition of Sox9 expression.

Effect and mechanism of PPAR gamma agonist on allergic rhinitis in mice / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To invest igate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of PPAR gamma agonist on allergic rhinitis(AR) in mice. METHODS AR murine model was established by OVA sensitization and challenge. The behavior observation was used to understand the improvement effect of PIO on AR symptoms. The morphological characteristics of nasal tissues were observed by HE staining. The total RNA was extracted to investigate the level of mRNA expression of Foxp3, T-bet and GATA-3. The changes of CD4+Foxp3+T cells in spleen of mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS BALB/c mice received OVA sensitization followed by OVA intranasal challenge, the frequencies of sneezing and nose-scratching increased signif icantly in AR group compared with control group. The frequencies decreased significantly in PIO group, compared with AR group. The continuity of nasal mucosa ciliated columnar epithelium in AR group was destroyed and appeared to be repaired in PIO group. Inflammatory cells infiltration was also markedly decreased by PIO treatment. PIO significantly increased the expression of Foxp3 mRNA(P ＜0.001) compared with AR and control group. There was no significant difference in T-bet between PIO group and AR group, but the expression of GATA-3 mRA in PIO group was significantly lower than AR group. The proportion of CD4+Foxp3+T cells in AR group (4.43％±0.25％) decreased compared with control group (5.19％±0.39％) (P ＜0.001). PIO treatment induced production of Tregs (6.35％±0.37％) compaered with control group(P ＜0.001). CONCLUSION PPAR-gamma agonist can effectively alleviate allergic symptoms of mice and regulate the balance of Th1/Th2. The role of PPAR gamma agonist in the treatment of AR may be the amplification of Tregs by promoting Foxp3 expression.

Large Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels Contribute to Neuronal Abnormal Firing in the Medial Vestibular Nucleus Following Hypoxia / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of BKCa channel on electrophysiology excitatory regulation in MVN neuron following hypoxia and to reveal its molecular mechanism.Methods C57BL/6 mices were performed MVNs hypoxia mice model,and randomly allowed to normal oxgen group and hypoxia group.The hypoxia group, according to the application of NS1 6 1 9 ,was further divided into the no NS1 6 1 9 pretreatment group and NS1 6 1 9 pre-treatment group.Using the patch clamp experiment technology,we recorded the effects of the MVN abnormal neu-ronal firing and the change of the BKCa currents.Using immunohistochemical technique,the changes of BKCa in the hypoxic MVNs detected were.Results Acute hypoxia increased neuronal activities.NS1619 pretreatment de-creased hypoxia-induced firing rate,and increased and postponed the maximum increase by hypoxia(P<0.05),al-so alleviated 10-min-hypoxia-induced depolarization(P<0.05).Perfusion with hypoxic significantly reduced the BKCa positive neurons(P<0.05).Conclusion These findings suggest that acute hypoxia increases neuronal activi-ties.The decreased MVN BKCa channels contribute to hypoxia-induced abnormal neuronal activities.

Research of astragalus polysaccharides increasing immune effect of influenza A virus HA2 eukaryotic expression vector / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study the astragalus polysaccharides ( APS) effect on immune induced by influenza A virus HA2 eu-karyotic expression vector.Methods: The HA2 encoded by the DNA vaccine vector was efficiently expressed in CHO cells, as determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and fluorescence analysis.60 rats were divided into six groups randomly,which were immunized with normal saline,pEGFP-N1,pHA2/EGFP+different dose of APS by intramuscular injection.The control sera were collected before injection.After injected the 36th day, sera were collected to analyzing IFN-γ, IL-4 and IgG level.Results:IFN-γ,IL-4 and IgG level of pHA2/EGFP+mAPS group was different from that of pEGFP-N1 group or pHA2/EGFP+lAPS group( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: Middle dose of APS could increase immune induced by influenza A virus HA2 eukaryotic expression vector.

Antibacterial Effect of Resveratrol on Staphylococcus Aureus Standard Strains / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Resveratrol(RES)against Staphylococcus aureus standard strains.Methods Minimal inhibitory concentrations was tested.Growth curve of RES were used to study.Results The MIC of Staphylococus were 0.256 mg/ml.RES inhibit growth of Staphylococal reference culture.Conclusion RES had strong antibacterial activity agains Staphylococal reference culture.

Research of increasing influenza A virus NS1 protein expression by high dose as-tragalus polysaccharides / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study whether high dose astragalus polysaccharides( APS) could affect the expression of pNS1/EGFP that included influenza A virus(IAV) non-structure protein 1(NS1) gene in the tissue.Methods:pNS1/EGFP was constructured with NS1 of IAV.Sixty Kunming mice were divided into three groups randomly.Each group of mice was injected separately with one of the following:pEGFP-N1, pNS1/EGFP and pNS1/EGFP+APS in intraperitoneal injection.The mice were injected by intramuscular injection twice with a 3-week interval between injections.The serum samples and muscle samples were obtained on day 14 and day 28 after the booster injection.Sera IL-4,sera IFN-γ,muscle caspase-3 and muscle NS1 expression were measured in ELISA,Western blot or RT-PCR.Results:There were no significant difference among the different groups in day 14 expect that IFN-γof pNS1/EGFP+APS were lower(P<0.05).IFN-γlevel or IL-4 level of pNS1/EGFP+APS were lower compared with other groups in day 28.caspase-3 of pNS1/EGFP+APS were lower compared with other groups in day 28.Conclusion:APS could increase the expression of pNS1/EGFP by decreasing the inflammation and apoptosis.

Advances in Research Antibacterial Activity of Resveratrol and Mechanism / 现代检验医学杂志

Resveratrol(RES)is a kind of antitoxin material produced by plant angainst fungi,it has many biological activites, which can restrain a variety of microorganisms.RES was reviewed in this paper with a variety of inhibition microbial func-tions in recent years,and summarized the antibacterial mechanisms of interfering with cell wall protein synthesis,cell mem-brane damage and RsbA mediating antibacterial factor formation.

Relationship between high sensitive C-reactive protein and stroke subtype according to Chinese Ischemic Stroke Subclassification criteria in patients with acute cerebral infarction / 中华全科医师杂志

By analyzing the clinical data of 216 cases of acute cerebral infarction (ACI) from 2012 January to 2013 June retrospectively,we found that the serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients were significantly higher than those in 186 controls (P ＜0.01).The degree of neural function defect in ACI patients was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score.The hs-CRP level of the patients with NIHSS score ＞ 8 were higher than that in those with NIHSS score ≤8 (P ＜ 0.05).The hs-CRP level of patients of large artery atherosclerosis were (6.32 ± 4.12) mg/L and the positive rate of hs-CRP was 85.7％ (84/98).All were respectively higher than those in patients of penetrating artery disease [(1.97 ±0.86) mg/L,7/71],cardiogenic stroke [(3.70 ± 2.76) mg/L,14/24],undetermined etiology [(3.43 ± 3.52) mg/L,5/11] and other etiologies [(3.41 ± 3.25) mg/L,5/12] (all P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors of ACI.The correlative factors of ACI included hypertension,diabetes mellitus,atrial fibrillation,smoking,total cholesterol,homocysteine and high sensitive C-reactive protein (OR =1.56,1.19,1.23,1.17,3.08,1.34,1.25,all P ＜ 0.01).The serum levels of hs-CRP increased significantly in ACI patients and were correlated with the degree of neural function defect.

Nursing of patients with Grave's opththalmopathy undergoing endoscopic trans - ethmoid orbital decompression / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To introduce an effective nursing practice for patients with Grave's ophthalmopathy(GO) undergoing endoscopic trans-ethmoid orbital decompression(ETOD). Methods The treatment and nursing experience of 31 cases (57 eyes) undergoing orbital decompression through endoscopic trans-ethmoid approach were reviewed and analyzed. Results Three months after operation, exophthalmos was corrected in all 31 cases (57 eyes) with satisfying result, and the visual acuity was improved in all 9 cases (16 eyes),who complained of visual loss preoperatively. At the 3-months' review, 2 patients presented diplopia on the primary eye position due to newly on-set global displacement. Conclusions Advanced treatment and careful nursing are very important to improve the surgical safety and decrease the complications.

Clinical study in effect of three-stage rehabilitation training on improvement of motor and cognitive function among stroke patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore influence of norm-setting three-stage rehabilitation training on hemiplegic stroke patients with movement and cognitive dysfunction. Methods A prospective randomized controlled study and stepwise linear regression analysis was carried out to investigate the early variation factors, which affected the integrated functional recovery of stroke patients. According to variation factors we established our norm-setting three-stage rehabilitation training program. 200 patients were randomly selected, according to the cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage classification, and then randomly divided into the rehabilitation group and the control group with 100 patients in each group. All patients accepted general neurology routine nursing. The rehabilitation group was given an extra norm-setting three-stage rehabilitation training. The improvement of motor and cognitive function were observed. Results The early variation factors of integrated functional outcome were treatment programs, CNFD score, age, diabetes, SFMA score, smoking and the intensity of labor within six months since stroke onset. Movement and cognitive function of the rehabilitation group significantly improved than the control group as well as upon admission on the first, 3rd and 6th months since stroke onset. Conclusions The norm-setting three-stage rehabilitation training obviously promotes the improvement of motor and cognitive function at all stages.

The different effects when using the air bubble filtering apparatus and the general filtering apparatus / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the different effects when using the air bubble filtering apparatus and the general filtering apparatus.Methods Divided 50 cases into the control group(23 cases) and the experimental group(27 cases).The air bubble filtering apparatus was used in the experimental group,while the general filtering apparatus was used in the control.Compare the filtering effects between the two groups.Results The filtering effects in the experimental group was better than that of in the control group,P